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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Ассоциации вузов туризма и сервиса</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1999-5644</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2414-3863</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6582</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/12532</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Актуальные зарубежные исследования в сфере туризма</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Actual foreign researches in the sphere of tourism</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Актуальные зарубежные исследования в сфере туризма</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Boards of Directors in Tourist Organizations</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Роль советов директоров в туристских организациях</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Солвег</surname>
       <given-names>Гарнес </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Solveg</surname>
       <given-names>Garnes </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кхелль</surname>
       <given-names>Гронхауг </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kkhell</surname>
       <given-names>Gronkhaug </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-08-03T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>03</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-08-03T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>03</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2015</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>72</fpage>
   <lpage>87</lpage>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-rguts.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/6582/view">https://vestnik-rguts.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/6582/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Туристские организации являются важными институтами для дестинаций, и они объединяют множество стейкхолдеров, у которых имеются интересы в сфере туризма. Наше нынешнее знание корпоративного руководства таких организаций очень ограничено. Целью данного исследования является изучение ролей и полномочий членов советов директоров туристских организаций и определение того, как они сами видят область своей ответственности, включая такой важный&#13;
аспект, как то, на кого и для кого они работают. В рамках исследования были проведены интервью с фокусной группой, состоящей из 37 членов советов директоров норвежских организаций, в ходе которых было определено, что советы директоров имеют довольно широкий круг обязанностей.&#13;
В ходе подробного анализа данного перечня обязанностей выяснено, что стейкхолдерская парадигма (пускай и в ограниченной степени) достаточно характерна для туристских организаций, и она может частично объяснить их поведение, поскольку советы директоров туристских организаций&#13;
стремятся соблюдать интересы различных групп стейкхолдеров, совсем не ограничиваясь интересами акционеров. А это в свою очередь имеет большое значение для теории и практики управления.&#13;
Центральным результатом исследования является идентификация множественности представлений&#13;
относительно ролей, круга обязанностей и лояльности советов директоров туристских организаций&#13;
Норвегии, что приводит к несостоятельности парадигмы, основанной только на интересах акционеров, поскольку расхождение между формальными и реальными полномочиями членов советов директоров оказывается слишком значительным. В частности, многие директора подтверждают,&#13;
что фактически они работают на разные группы стейкхолдеров, не ограничиваясь только собственниками. Что делает стейкхолдерский подход гораздо более реалистичным. Интерес представляет и целый спектр агентских проблем, когда некоторые директора имеют слишком узкое представление&#13;
относительно того, чьи интересы они должны представлять, и тяготеют к отдельным, более узким группам акционеров, географическим регионам, подотраслям, и т. п. Еще одной интересной проблематикой является соотношение между представлениями относительно важности тех или&#13;
иных обязанностей советов директоров и тем уровнем внимания, который им в действительности&#13;
уделяется. Согласно результатам исследования, стратегическое планирование рассматривается как&#13;
ключевая задача, но в то же время реальное вовлечение советов директоров в процесс планирования&#13;
оказывается сравнительно низким. В то же время в реальной практике советов директоров&#13;
отмечается особо высокое внимание к контролю бюджетов и отчетности, а также долгосрочных&#13;
финансовых условий организаций. Повышенное внимание к текущим и потребляющим много времени&#13;
видам деятельности со стороны советов директоров может подорвать их способность заниматься&#13;
более долгосрочными и стратегическими вопросами. Отельного исследования заслуживают аспекты&#13;
оптимального определения приоритетов в обязанностях советов директоров. Исследование также&#13;
подтверждает, что советы директоров в туристских организациях являются гетерогенными по&#13;
составу группами. Помимо различий в образовательном, профессиональном и карьерном бэкграунде,&#13;
у членов советов директоров разнятся мнения, точки зрения, идеи относительно даже самых базовых аспектов туристского бизнеса. С одной стороны, это, безусловно, повышает творческий и инноваторский потенциал советов директоров, и у них появляется более широкий диапазон решений,&#13;
что особенно важно в нестандартных ситуациях. С другой стороны, разнообразный состав советов&#13;
директоров может мешать скоординированной работе данных органов и эффективному принятию&#13;
решений. Авторы отмечают, что долгосрочное финансирование и стабильность ресурсов являются&#13;
важными факторами устойчивости работы туристских организаций. Если директора слишком заняты распределением ресурсов, то это ограничивает их возможности заниматься долгосрочным планированием. Вопросы финансирования туристских организаций и их деятельности являются&#13;
предметом особой дискуссии в Норвегии. Авторы полагают, что туристские организации не должны быть слишком малыми, им необходимо достигнуть определенного критического размера, чтобы быть достаточно эффективными, а также заручиться поддержкой местных деловых сообществ и определить приоритетные направления своей деятельности. У более крупных туристских организаций отмечается более стабильный и гарантированный доступ к ресурсам. А это в свою очередь означает, что их советы директоров могут больше времени уделить вопросам именно стратегического планирования. По этой причине Министерство Торговли и Промышленности Норвегии рекомендует туристским организациям достигать оптимальных параметров с точки зрения их размеров, бюджетов и персонала.&#13;
Как подчеркивают авторы, необходимы дополнительные исследования поведения и принятия решения&#13;
советами директоров, разнообразия их обязанностей и полномочий. Интерес представляет изучение&#13;
того, сколько времени советы директоров туристских организаций затрачивают на те или иные&#13;
задачи, чтобы выяснить, чем в действительности они занимаются в сравнении с декларируемыми&#13;
целями и какими обязанностями вынуждены жертвовать в условиях нехватки ресурсов. Кроме того,&#13;
множественность стейкхолдеров, формально и неформально представленных членами советов директоров, порождает разнообразные агентские проблемы, что в свою очередь влияет на процесс принятия решений. Этот аспект представляет огромный интерес для дальнейших исследований.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Tourist organizations are destination-based institutions that draw together stakeholders with interests in tourism.&#13;
Our present knowledge of the governance of such organizations is limited. The aim of this research was to&#13;
explore directors’ roles and responsibilities, and determine whom they see themselves working for. Focus group&#13;
interviews with 37 directors in Norwegian organizations revealed that boards undertake several responsibilities.&#13;
There seemed to be a gap between what they considered important and the level of attention given to specific&#13;
responsibilities. The study further revealed that a shareholder&#13;
perspective was present, yet limited in the context of tourist organizations. A stakeholder perspective could partly&#13;
explain their behavior. Boards of directors in tourist organizations care for many interests, not merely the organization’s&#13;
owners. Theoretical and managerial implications based on the study results are highlighted.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>туристская организация</kwd>
    <kwd>корпоративное руководство</kwd>
    <kwd>акционер</kwd>
    <kwd>стейкхолдер</kwd>
    <kwd>Норвегия</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Tourist organization</kwd>
    <kwd>governance</kwd>
    <kwd>shareholder</kwd>
    <kwd>stakeholder</kwd>
    <kwd>Norway</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>This paper addresses the role of boards of directors in tourist organizations, more precisely what they do and for whom they work. These questions are important for several reasons. The boards of directors possess high authority in organizations.</p>
 </body>
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